Phenytoin (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19473
R83111		 Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 Intellectual disability - ICD-10 codes: F70-F79 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.95 [0.42;2.17] -/1,390   26/8,887 - 1,390
ref
S7303
R48814		 Meador (Phenytoin), 2013 IQ <85 (DAS) (at 4.5 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.15 [0.30;4.31] C 4/43   6/73 10 43
ref
Total 2 studies 1.00 [0.50;2.01] 10 1,433
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026Straub, 2026 1 0.95[0.42; 2.17]-1,39072%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Meador (Phenytoin), 2013Meador, 2013 2 1.15[0.30; 4.31]104328%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: lowROB reporting: low Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.00[0.50; 2.01]101,4330.25.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy; 2: Phenytoin;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.00[0.50; 2.01]101,4330%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Phenytoin), 2013 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.95[0.42; 2.16]-1,390 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.15[0.30; 4.31]1043 -NAMeador (Phenytoin), 2013 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.00[0.50; 2.01]101,4330%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Phenytoin), 2013 2 All studiesAll studies 1.00[0.50; 2.01]101,4330%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Phenytoin), 2013 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.95[0.42; 2.16]171,390 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenytoin) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.15[0.30; 4.31]1043 -NAMeador (Phenytoin), 2013 10.510.01.0