Levetiracetam (Epilepsy)

Psychomotor developmental disorders/delay

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S15842
R65225		 Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Motor mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.02 [0.31;3.43] C
excluded (control group) 		5/51   7/73 12 51
ref
S15843
R65238		 Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Motor mean score ≤ 86 (below average performance of the cohort mean) - Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development - At 24 months of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.20 [0.30;4.74] C 5/51   4/48 9 51
ref
S9949
R35785		 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Locomotor (at the age of 7 months) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.27 [0.04;1.85]
excluded (control group) 		-/7   -/8 - 7
ref
S9951
R35797		 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Locomotor (at the age of 7 months) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.78 [0.66;11.65] -/7   -/59 - 7
ref
S6762
R19106		 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 Locomotor (Griffiths scale) throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.75 [0.41;1.39] -/51   -/97 - 51
ref
Total 3 studies 1.08 [0.53;2.22] 9 109
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Bromley, 2023 1 1.20[0.30; 4.74]95121%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: lowROB reporting: low Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016Videman, 2016 2 2.78[0.66; 11.65]-720%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011Shallcross, 2011 3 0.75[0.41; 1.39]-5158%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 29% 1.08[0.53; 2.22]91090.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 3: Levetiracetam;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.08[0.53; 2.22]910929%NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.22[0.35; 4.22]-5863%NAVideman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.20[0.30; 4.74]951 -NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.08[0.53; 2.22]910929%NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 3 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.22[0.35; 4.22]-5863%NAVideman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 2 All studiesAll studies 1.08[0.53; 2.22]910929%NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9949, 15842

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.22[0.35; 4.22]-5863%NAVideman (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Shallcross (Levetiracetam), 2011 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.20[0.30; 4.74]951 -NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.65[0.19; 2.25]125825%NABromley (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023 Videman (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 20.510.01.0