Levetiracetam (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (3-6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17432
R73241		 Madley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups_Followup LEV 4.41 (2.49-7.56) years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.90 [0.28;2.83] -/556   194/10,769 - 556
ref
S17252
R72243		 Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 Intellectual disability - ICD10 codes - Median 4.19 (2.56-6.79) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.87 [0.05;14.65] C 0/174   13/4,075 13 174
ref
S10072
R48774		 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.40 [0.10;2.90]
excluded (control group) 		1/621   10/2,108 11 621
ref
S7807
R48775		 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.70 [0.10;4.90] 1/621   3,398/1,710,441 3,399 621
ref
Total 3 studies 0.85 [0.33;2.16] 3,412 1,351
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Madley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE, 2024 1 0.90[0.28; 2.83]-55666%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK, 2024 2 0.87[0.05; 14.65]1317411%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 3 0.70[0.10; 4.90]3,39962123%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.85[0.33; 2.16]3,4121,3510.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy; 3: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.85[0.33; 2.16]3,4121,3510%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.70[0.10; 4.90]3,399621 -NACoste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.90[0.31; 2.61]137300%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.87[0.05; 14.65]13174 -NAMadley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.84[0.31; 2.28]3,3991,1770%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 2 All studiesAll studies 0.85[0.33; 2.16]3,4121,3510%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10072

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.70[0.10; 4.90]3,399621 -NACoste (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.90[0.31; 2.61]1987300%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale0.40[0.07; 2.15]11621 -NACoste (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 10.510.01.0