Levetiracetam (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19435
R82821		 Honybun (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Full-Scale (Continuous _ Mean SD) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.91 [0.96;8.86]
excluded (control group) 		-/20   -/23 - 20
ref
S19439
R82861		 Honybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Full-Scale (Continuous _ Mean SD) - Wechsler Intelligence Scale - Children aged 3–18 years (mean age about 10 years) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 5.11 [1.54;16.97] -/20   -/19 - 20
ref
S16766
R70403		 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 Full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ continuous) - The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) - At 6-7 years old throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.23 [0.46;3.29] -/16   -/74 - 16
ref
Total 2 studies 2.40 [0.60;9.67] 0 36
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Honybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026Honybun, 2026 1 5.11[1.54; 16.97]-2047%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024Stjerna, 2024 2 1.23[0.46; 3.29]-1653%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 69% 2.40[0.60; 9.67]-360.520.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy; 2: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.40[0.60; 9.67]-3669%NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 5.11[1.54; 16.96]-20 -NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.23[0.46; 3.29]-16 -NAStjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 5.11[1.54; 16.96]-20 -NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.23[0.46; 3.29]-16 -NAStjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 1 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.40[0.60; 9.67]-3669%NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 2 All studiesAll studies 2.40[0.60; 9.67]-3669%NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 20.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 19435

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 5.11[1.54; 16.96]-20 -NAHonybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.82[0.78; 4.21]-3623%NAHonybun (Controls exposed to LTG) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki b (NMA) (Epilepsy) (Cognitive develo ...Veroniki b (NMA) (Epilepsy) (Cognitive developmental delay) 3.46[0.65; 17.14]NA-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 2.40[0.60; 9.67]69%36----Honybun (Controls unexposed, sick) (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2026 Stjerna (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy), 2024 20.510.01.0