Levetiracetam (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Nervous system anomalies

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17505
R73573		 Wiggs, 2024 Nervous system malformations early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.70 [0.22;12.90] -/185   -/9,364 - 185
ref
S12824
R48267		 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Neural malformations 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.47 [0.01;23.99] C
excluded (control group) 		0/106   0/50 0 106
ref
S12823
R48257		 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Neural malformations 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.22 [0.06;163.18] C 0/106   0/340 0 106
ref
Total 2 studies 1.95 [0.32;11.86] 0 291
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Wiggs, 2024Wiggs, 2024 1.70[0.22; 12.90]-18579%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Thomas, 2021 1 3.22[0.06; 163.18]010621%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.95[0.32; 11.86]-2910.510.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.95[0.32; 11.86]-2910%NAWiggs, 2024 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.95[0.32; 11.86]-2910%NAWiggs, 2024 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 3.22[0.06; 163.18]-106 -NAThomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.70[0.22; 13.02]-185 -NAWiggs, 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.95[0.32; 11.86]-2910%NAWiggs, 2024 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 20.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 12824

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.95[0.32; 11.86]-2910%NAWiggs, 2024 Thomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale0.47[0.01; 23.99]-106 -NAThomas (Levetiracetam) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 10.510.01.0