Topiramate (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis

id	Study   Auto Hernandez-Diaz, 2024Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Wood (Topiramate), 2015	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S16763 R70392	Hernandez-Diaz, 2024	Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) - At least two visits with codes for ASD - Median follow-up was 2 years	2nd and/or 3rd trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	0.75 [0.37;1.52]	-/623   102/8,815	-	623		ref
S17437 R73264	Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024	Autism - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No Partial overlapping	4.06 [1.68;9.78] C excluded (control group)	6/71   53/2,383	59	71		ref
S17438 R73267	Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024	Autism - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping	2.79 [1.23;6.30]	6/71   425/10,769	431	71		ref
S17255 R72216	Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024	Autism - ICD10 codes - Median follow up 5.41 (3.59-8.40) years old	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	0.68 [0.08;5.36]	-/43   78/4,075	-	43		ref
S15875 R65444	Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023	Autism spectrum disorder - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort propective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	2.32 [1.10;4.88] C excluded (control group)	8/290   64/5,288	72	290		ref
S15876 R65453	Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023	Autism spectrum disorder - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort propective	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	1.93 [0.95;3.94]	8/290   323/22,203	331	290		ref
S6183 R16277	Wood (Topiramate), 2015	Score >30 (CARS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: No	17.00 [0.13;2166.90] C	0/1   0/9	0	1		ref
					Total	5 studies	1.52 [0.77;3.00]		762	1,028
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15875, 17437