Topiramate (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

id	Study   Auto Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Epilepsy), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023Bromley (Topiramate), 2016	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S17438 R73270	Madley-Dowd_SE (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping	1.01 [0.38;2.71]	-/71   929/10,769	-	71		ref
S17260 R72264	Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Epilepsy), 2024	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median follow up 5.41 (3.59-8.40) years old	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.63 [0.04;10.74] C excluded (control group)	0/43   14/791	14	43		ref
S17255 R72265	Madley-Dowd_UK (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Epilepsy), 2024	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median follow up 5.41 (3.59-8.40) years old	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	1.23 [0.07;20.41] C	0/43   38/4,075	38	43		ref
S15875 R65447	Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2023	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort propective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	3.19 [1.85;5.50] C excluded (control group)	16/290   95/5,288	111	290		ref
S15876 R65456	Dreier (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2023	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort propective	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	2.38 [1.40;4.06]	16/290   528/22,203	544	290		ref
S7307 R48831	Bromley (Topiramate), 2016	Maladaptive behavior: Attention (BASC) (5-9 years old)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (registry)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint)	1.00 [0.43;2.31]	-/27   -/55	-	27		ref
					Total	4 studies	1.51 [0.89;2.59]		582	431
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15875, 17260