Topiramate (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16085
R66750
Christensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.95 [1.43;2.66] C
excluded (control group)
53/290   546/5,299 599 290
ref
S16041
R66582
Christensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.86 [1.36;2.54] 53/290   2,416/22,227 2,469 290
ref
S8144
R25034
Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 Small for gestational age (ICD-9 656.5, 764.0, 764.1, 764.9) early pregnancy retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.00 [0.33;2.98]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S8140
R25006
Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 Small for gestational age (ICD-9 656.5, 764.0, 764.1, 764.9) early pregnancy retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.00 [0.41;2.44] -/-   41,653/1,440,631 - -
ref
S5494
R14515
Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 Small for gestational age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes 2.40 [1.80;3.10] -/394   -/1,799 - 394
ref
Total 3 studies 1.95 [1.40;2.71] 2,469 684
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 1.86[1.36; 2.54]2,46929042%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019Cohen, 2019 2 1.00[0.41; 2.44]--11%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017Hernández-Díaz, 2017 3 2.40[1.80; 3.10]-39446%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 52% 1.95[1.40; 2.71]2,4696840.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population; 2: Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS; 3: Topiramate;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.95[1.40; 2.71]2,46968452%NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.00[0.41; 2.44]-- -NACohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.86[1.36; 2.54]2,469290 -NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 2.40[1.83; 3.15]-394 -NAHernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.95[1.40; 2.71]2,46968452%NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 3 All studiesAll studies 1.95[1.40; 2.71]2,46968452%NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 30.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8144, 16085

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.00[0.41; 2.44]41,644- -NACohen (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS), 2019 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.86[1.36; 2.54]2,469290 -NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.09[1.60; 2.73]59968430%NAChristensen (Topiramate) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Cohen (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 Hernández-Díaz (Topiramate), 2017 30.510.01.0