Clonazepam (Epilepsy) updated on 02-10-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16082
R66738		 Christensen (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.76 [1.31;2.37] C
excluded (control group) 		57/339   546/5,299 603 339
ref
S16032
R66549		 Christensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.40 [1.03;1.89] 57/339   2,416/22,227 2,473 339
ref
S8222
R25748		 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 Intrauterine growth retardation (NOS) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 18.01 [0.35;921.63] C
excluded (control group) 		0/1   34/656 34 1
ref
S8224
R25778		 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 Intrauterine growth retardation (NOS) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.00 [0.00;255.63] C 0/1   0/1 0 1
ref
Total 2 studies 1.40 [1.03;1.89] 2,473 340
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,473339100%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004Endo, 2004 2 1.00[0.00; 255.63]010%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,4733400.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population; 2: Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,4733400%NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,4733400%NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.00[0.00; 255.63]-1 -NAEndo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.40[1.03; 1.90]2,473339 -NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,4733400%NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8222, 16082

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale18.01[0.35; 921.63]341 -NAEndo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2004 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.40[1.03; 1.89]2,4733400%NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Endo (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2004 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.76[1.31; 2.37]603339 -NAChristensen (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 10.510.01.0