Lamotrigine (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17430
R73215
Madley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 0.81 [0.66;1.00] 109/2,383   929/10,769 1,038 2,383
ref
S17251
R72206
Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median 6.18 (3.53-9.94) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.81 [0.92;3.58] 14/791   38/4,075 52 791
ref
S15870
R65389
Dreier, 2023 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Corresponding ICD-10 F-chapter - Up to 22 years of age during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort propective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.83 [0.66;1.04] 95/5,288   528/22,203 623 5,288
ref
S6604
R18110
Bromley (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (at 6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 7.24 [0.14;371.71] C
excluded (control group)
0/30   0/214 0 30
ref
S6603
R18107
Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (at 6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.86 [0.02;45.15] C 0/30   0/26 0 30
ref
Total 4 studies 0.89 [0.70;1.13] 1,713 8,492
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Madley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE, 2024 1 0.81[0.66; 1.00]1,0382,38346%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK, 2024 2 1.81[0.92; 3.58]5279111%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Dreier, 2023Dreier, 2023 0.83[0.66; 1.04]6235,28843%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Bromley, 2013 3 0.86[0.02; 45.15]0300%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 40% 0.89[0.70; 1.13]1,7138,4920.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy; 3: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.89[0.70; 1.13]1,7138,49240%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Dreier, 2023 Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.89[0.70; 1.13]1,7138,49240%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Dreier, 2023 Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.86[0.02; 45.15]-30 -NABromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 1   - Yes  - Yes 0.91[0.69; 1.19]1,7138,46260%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Dreier, 2023 3 Partial overlappingPartial overlapping 0.81[0.66; 1.00]1,0382,383 -NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 0.89[0.70; 1.13]1,7138,49240%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Dreier, 2023 Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-4.74.62.4220.000Madley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024Dreier, 2023Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6604

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 7.24[0.14; 371.71]-30 -NABromley (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.89[0.70; 1.13]1,7138,49240%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Dreier, 2023 Bromley (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 40.510.01.0