Lamotrigine (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16017
R66491		 Christensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.94 [0.85;1.04] 546/5,299   2,416/22,227 2,962 5,299
ref
S15841
R65204		 Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Small for gestation (calculated using gender-specific scales) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.72 [0.31;1.65] C 13/106   13/80 26 106
ref
S12612
R47530		 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Small for gestational age (weight for gestational age <10th percentile) at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 0.10 [0.01;0.79] C
excluded (control group) 		1/106   9/102 10 106
ref
S12614
R47542		 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Small for gestational age (weight for gestational age <10th percentile) at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.39 [0.02;10.00] C 1/106   0/14 1 106
ref
S8077
R24650		 Aydin, 2020 Small for gestational age (birth weight) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.31 [0.06;183.69] C 0/7   0/22 0 7
ref
S7996
R24599		 Cohen, 2019 Small for gestational age (ICD-9 656.5, 764.0, 764.1, 764.9) early pregnancy retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.91 [0.49;1.67] -/-   41,653/1,440,631 - -
ref
S6394
R17471		 Veiby (Controls unexposed, disease free) b, 2013 Small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.60 [0.20;1.40]
excluded (control group) 		5/103   8,017/106,899 8,022 103
ref
S6393
R17452		 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 Small for gestational age (SGA) birth weight during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.58 [0.22;1.54] C 5/103   31/386 36 103
ref
Total 6 studies 0.93 [0.84;1.03] 3,025 5,621
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 0.94[0.85; 1.04]2,9625,29995%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023Bromley, 2023 2 0.72[0.31; 1.65]261061%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Van Marter, 2021 3 0.39[0.02; 10.00]11060%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Aydin, 2020Aydin, 2020 3.31[0.06; 183.69]070%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Cohen, 2019Cohen, 2019 0.91[0.49; 1.67]--3%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013Veiby, 2013 4 0.58[0.22; 1.54]361031%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (6 studies) I2 = 0% 0.93[0.84; 1.03]3,0255,6210.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy; 2: Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy; 3: Controls unexposed, sick; 4: Controls unexposed, sick) ;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.93[0.84; 1.03]3,0255,6210%NAChristensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin, 2020 Cohen, 2019 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 6 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.91[0.49; 1.68]-- -NACohen, 2019 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.93[0.84; 1.03]3,0255,6210%NAChristensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin, 2020 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 5 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.67[0.36; 1.24]633220%NABromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin, 2020 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 4   - Yes  - Yes 0.94[0.85; 1.04]2,9625,2990%NAChristensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Cohen, 2019 2 All studiesAll studies 0.93[0.84; 1.03]3,0255,6210%NAChristensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin, 2020 Cohen, 2019 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 60.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-4.84.72.4590.000Christensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Aydin, 2020Cohen, 2019Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013

Asymetry test p-value = 0.3348 (by Egger's regression)

slope=-0.0477 (0.0375); intercept=-0.3350 (0.3058); t=1.0955; p=0.3348

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6394, 12612

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.57[0.24; 1.38]49,67620952%NAVan Marter (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Cohen, 2019 Veiby (Controls unexposed, disease free) b, 2013 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.93[0.84; 1.03]3,0255,6210%NAChristensen (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2024 Bromley (Lamotrigine) (Epilepsy), 2023 Van Marter (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin, 2020 Veiby (Controls unexposed, sick) b, 2013 50.510.01.0