Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S6115
R15988		 Titze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008 Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 19.40 [0.31;1195.39] C
excluded (control group) 		0/3   0/49 0 3
ref
S6117
R15989		 Titze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.53 [0.05;49.80] C 0/3   1/13 1 3
ref
Total 1 studies 1.53 [0.05;49.80] 1 3
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Titze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008Titze, 2008 1 1.53[0.05; 49.80]130%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.53[0.05; 49.80]13 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.53[0.05; 49.80]13 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.53[0.05; 49.80]13 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 All studiesAll studies 1.53[0.05; 49.80]13 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6115

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale19.40[0.31; 1195.39]-3 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.53[0.05; 49.80]13 -NATitze (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 10.510.01.0