Primidone (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16091
R66774
Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 2.49 [1.00;6.19] C
excluded (control group)
6/27   546/5,299 552 27
ref
S16056
R66637
Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 2.24 [0.87;5.76] 6/27   2,416/22,227 2,422 27
ref
S6622
R18193
Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2006 Small for date (NOS) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 8.38 [0.16;432.63] C
excluded (control group)
1/1   23/211 24 1
ref
S6618
R18173
Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 Small for date (NOS) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 63.00 [0.51;7760.63] C 1/1   1/32 2 1
ref
Total 2 studies 4.98 [0.31;81.21] 2,424 28
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 2.24[0.87; 5.76]2,4222776%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006Burja, 2006 2 63.00[0.51; 7760.63]2124%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 44% 4.98[0.31; 81.21]2,424280.9500.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population; 2: Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 4.98[0.31; 81.21]2,4242844%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 4.98[0.31; 81.21]2,4242844%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 63.00[0.51; 7760.63]21 -NABurja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.24[0.87; 5.76]2,42227 -NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 4.98[0.31; 81.21]2,4242844%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 20.51000.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6622, 16091

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 8.38[0.16; 432.63]241 -NABurja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2006 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 4.98[0.31; 81.21]2,4242844%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Burja (Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.49[1.00; 6.19]55227 -NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 10.510.01.0