Acetazolamide (Epilepsy)

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16704
R70286		 Battino, 2024 Major congenital malformations (MCMs) early pregnancy prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 10.48 [0.42;258.67] C 0/2   110/3,584 110 2
ref
S7794
R35203		 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 Fetal malformations at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 18.80 [0.36;971.86] C
excluded (control group) 		0/1   20/406 20 1
ref
S7795
R35204		 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Fetal malformations at least 1st trimester prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 31.00 [0.56;1711.11] C 0/1   5/176 5 1
ref
S6717
R28403		 Samrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 Major congential abnormalities at least 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No Matched 69.18 [1.35;3547.68] C 1/1   29/2,000 30 1
ref
Total 3 studies 24.39 [2.95;201.78] 145 4
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Battino, 2024Battino, 2024 10.48[0.42; 258.67]110243%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019Vajda, 2019 1 31.00[0.56; 1711.11]5128%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Samrén (Acetazolamide), 1999Samrén, 1999 2 69.18[1.35; 3547.68]30129%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 24.39[2.95; 201.78]14540.9500.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Acetazolamide;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 24.39[2.95; 201.78]14540%NABattino, 2024 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Samrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 69.18[1.35; 3547.68]301 -NASamrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 31.00[0.56; 1711.11]51 -NAVajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 10.48[0.42; 258.67]1102 -NABattino, 2024 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 24.39[2.95; 201.78]14540%NABattino, 2024 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Samrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 3 MatchedMatched 69.18[1.35; 3547.68]301 -NASamrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 1 All studiesAll studies 24.39[2.95; 201.78]14540%NABattino, 2024 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Samrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 30.51000.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 7794

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale69.18[1.35; 3547.68]301 -NASamrén (Acetazolamide), 1999 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale31.00[0.56; 1711.11]51 -NAVajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale13.22[1.10; 159.19]13030%NABattino, 2024 Vajda (Acetazolamide) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 20.510.01.0