Gabapentin (All indications)

Neuro-developmental disorders (as a whole)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12760
R48138
Bjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.74 [0.41;1.34] C
excluded (control group)
12/965   133/7,950 145 965
ref
S12761
R48140
Bjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.96 [0.54;1.69]
excluded (control group)
12/965   68,295/4,463,879 68,307 965
ref
S12762
R48142
Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ND): any diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (F84.0, F84.1, F84.5) or intellectual disability (F70, F71, F72, F73) plus F84.3, F84.4, F84.8, F84.9, F79 (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication 0.60 [0.34;1.07] C 12/965   443/21,634 455 965
ref
S8517
R28095
Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Diagnosis Disorders of psychological development (F80–F89) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.30 [0.50;3.30] 4/378   10,010/1,710,441 10,014 378
ref
S8485
R27856
Arkilo, 2015 Abnormal development (At 2 years of age, assessed by developmental specialists) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 8.60 [0.14;536.34] C 0/1   2/24 2 1
ref
S8486
R27860
Dean, 2002 Developmental delay at least 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 7.44 [0.13;423.73] C 0/1   4/38 4 1
ref
Total 4 studies 0.96 [0.44;2.10] 10,475 1,345
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022Bjørk, 2022 1 0.60[0.34; 1.07]45596556%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020Coste, 2020 2 1.30[0.50; 3.30]10,01437837%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Arkilo, 2015Arkilo, 2015 8.60[0.14; 536.34]213%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Dean, 2002Dean, 2002 7.44[0.13; 423.73]414%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (4 studies) I2 = 32% 0.96[0.44; 2.10]10,4751,3450.220.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications; 2: Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.96[0.44; 2.10]10,4751,34532%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Arkilo, 2015 Dean, 2002 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.30[0.51; 3.34]10,014378 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.92[0.14; 5.90]45996631%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Dean, 2002 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 8.60[0.14; 536.34]21 -NAArkilo, 2015 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.31[0.22; 7.64]46196732%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Arkilo, 2015 Dean, 2002 3   - Yes  - Yes 1.30[0.51; 3.34]10,014378 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 Controls   - epilepsy indication  - epilepsy indication 0.60[0.34; 1.07]455965 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 All studiesAll studies 0.96[0.44; 2.10]10,4751,34532%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Arkilo, 2015 Dean, 2002 40.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-5.04.92.5300.000Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020Arkilo, 2015Dean, 2002

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 12760, 12761

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.64; 1.70]78,3211,3430%NABjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.92[0.14; 5.90]45996631%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Dean, 2002 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.04[0.20; 5.45]14796625%NABjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Arkilo, 2015 20.510.01.0