Gabapentin (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)

id	Study   Auto Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S17408 R73019	Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024	Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: Yes	0.93 [0.43;2.05] excluded (control group)	7/864   60/5,035	67	864		ref
S17411 R73037	Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024	Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.02 [0.49;2.15]	7/864   24,323/2,651,210	24,330	864		ref
S17410 R73031	Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024	Intellectual disability (intelligence quotient below 70) - ICD-8/9/10 codes - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	sibling excluded	Adjustment: Yes	1.91 [0.52;7.03] excluded (control group)	-/-   -/-	-	-		ref
S17265 R72280	Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024	Intellectual disability - ICD10 codes - Median 4.93 (3.11-7.46) years old	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No	0.41 [0.03;6.51] C	0/564   1,119/514,066	1,119	564		ref
S10095 R36749	Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020	Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.7 years old)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	0.25 [0.01;4.15] C excluded (control group)	0/378   15/2,916	15	378		ref
S8517 R28094	Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020	Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.6 years old)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No	0.67 [0.04;10.66] C	0/378   3,398/1,710,441	3,398	378		ref
					Total	3 studies	0.94 [0.47;1.87]		28,847	1,806
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10095, 17408, 17410