Gabapentin (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17408
R73017
Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.22 [1.02;1.45]
excluded (control group)
39/864   243/5,035 282 864
ref
S17411
R73035
Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.13 [0.82;1.54] 39/864   147,608/2,651,210 147,647 864
ref
S17410
R73029
Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.90 [0.50;1.61]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S17281
R72361
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median 4.93 (3.11-7.46) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.92 [0.43;1.96]
excluded (control group)
9/564   14/939 23 564
ref
S17265
R72362
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median 4.93 (3.11-7.46) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.77 [0.92;3.43] 9/564   4,794/514,066 4,803 564
ref
S17273
R72363
Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median 4.93 (3.11-7.46) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes 3.44 [0.96;12.35]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S8543
R48898
Bromley, 2016 Maladaptive behavior: Hyperactivity (BASC) (5-9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.87 [0.30;2.52] -/14   -/55 - 14
ref
Total 3 studies 1.20 [0.91;1.58] 152,450 1,442
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Madley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE, 2024 1 1.13[0.82; 1.54]147,64786476%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK, 2024 2 1.77[0.92; 3.43]4,80356417%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bromley, 2016Bromley, 2016 0.87[0.30; 2.52]-147%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.20[0.91; 1.58]152,4501,4420.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications; 2: Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.20[0.91; 1.58]152,4501,4420%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Bromley, 2016 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.28[0.86; 1.91]152,4501,42831%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.87[0.30; 2.52]-14 -NABromley, 2016 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.87[0.30; 2.52]-14 -NABromley, 2016 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.28[0.86; 1.91]152,4501,42831%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 0.87[0.30; 2.52]-14 -NABromley, 2016 1 All studiesAll studies 1.20[0.91; 1.58]152,4501,4420%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Bromley, 2016 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 17408, 17410, 17281, 17273

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.28[0.86; 1.91]152,4501,42831%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.87[0.30; 2.52]-14 -NABromley, 2016 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.20[1.01; 1.43]3051,4280%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 siblingssiblings 1.55[0.43; 5.65]--71%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Gabapentin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 20.510.01.0