Pregabalin (All indications)

ASD (Autism spectrum disorder): Diagnosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12754
R48119
Bjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Other indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications 0.93 [0.54;1.59] C
excluded (control group)
16/1,666   82/7,950 98 1,666
ref
S12755
R48122
Bjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Other indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.01 [0.62;1.66]
excluded (control group)
16/1,666   38,437/4,463,879 38,453 1,666
ref
S12756
R48125
Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 Diagnosis of childhood autism (F84.0), atypical autism (F84.1), and Asperger syndrome (F84.5) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication 0.78 [0.47;1.29] C 16/1,666   267/21,634 283 1,666
ref
S10100
R36798
Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.10 [0.40;3.00]
excluded (control group)
7/1,627   11/2,916 18 1,627
ref
S8541
R28344
Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 Diagnosis Pervasive developmental disorders (F84) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.40 [0.70;2.90] 7/1,627   4,280/1,710,441 4,287 1,627
ref
Total 2 studies 0.99 [0.56;1.74] 4,570 3,293
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022Bjørk, 2022 1 0.78[0.47; 1.29]2831,66659%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020Coste, 2020 2 1.40[0.70; 2.90]4,2871,62741%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 43% 0.99[0.56; 1.74]4,5703,2930.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications; 2: Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.99[0.56; 1.74]4,5703,29343%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.40[0.69; 2.85]4,2871,627 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.78[0.47; 1.29]2831,666 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.78[0.47; 1.29]2831,666 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.40[0.69; 2.85]4,2871,627 -NACoste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 1 Controls   - epilepsy indication  - epilepsy indication 0.78[0.47; 1.29]2831,666 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 1 All studiesAll studies 0.99[0.56; 1.74]4,5703,29343%NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 10100, 12754, 12755

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.12[0.75; 1.68]42,7403,2930%NABjørk (Controls unexposed NOS) (Other indications), 2022 Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.78[0.47; 1.29]2831,666 -NABjørk (Controls unexposed, sick) (Other indications), 2022 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.97[0.60; 1.55]1163,2930%NABjørk (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Other indications), 2022 Coste (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2020 20.510.01.0