Pregabalin (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17417
R73106
Madley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 0.77 [0.61;0.99]
excluded (control group)
88/1,307   243/5,035 331 1,307
ref
S17418
R73112
Madley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 0.67 [0.54;0.82] 88/1,307   147,608/2,651,210 147,696 1,307
ref
S17419
R73118
Madley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD-8/9/10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Mean 5-20 years old (according groups) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 1.06 [0.70;1.62]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S17284
R72372
Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median follow up 4.92 (3.07-7.25) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 0.56 [0.15;2.06]
excluded (control group)
-/408   14/939 - 408
ref
S17269
R72373
Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median follow up 4.92 (3.07-7.25) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.92 [0.29;2.93] -/408   4,794/514,066 - 408
ref
S17277
R72374
Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ICD10 codes and/or ADHD medication prescription - Median follow up 4.92 (3.07-7.25) years old during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) sibling excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.62 [0.38;7.03]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S15251
R62715
Dudukina (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2023 Hyperkinetic disorders including Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.08 [0.78;1.47]
excluded (control group)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
S15252
R62736
Dudukina (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2023 Hyperkinetic disorders including Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy excluded population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.41 [1.11;1.80]
excluded (exposition period)
-/-   -/- - -
ref
Total 2 studies 0.68 [0.55;0.83] 147,696 1,715
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Madley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_SE, 2024 1 0.67[0.54; 0.82]147,6961,30797%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024Madley-Dowd_UK, 2024 2 0.92[0.29; 2.93]-4083%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 0.68[0.55; 0.83]147,6961,7150.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications; 2: Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.68[0.55; 0.83]147,6961,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.68[0.55; 0.83]147,6961,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 0.68[0.55; 0.83]147,6961,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 Partial overlappingPartial overlapping 0.67[0.54; 0.83]147,6961,307 -NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 0.68[0.55; 0.83]147,6961,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 20.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 15251, 17417, 17419, 17284, 17277

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 0.68[0.55; 0.83]152,4811,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, general pop) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 0.76[0.60; 0.97]3361,7150%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls exposed to LTG) (Mixed indications), 2024 2 siblingssiblings 1.09[0.73; 1.64]--0%NAMadley-Dowd_SE (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 Madley-Dowd_UK (Pregabalin) (Controls unexposed, sibling) (Mixed indications), 2024 20.510.01.0