Pregabalin (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

id	Study   Auto The NAAED (Controls exposed to LTG) (Indications NOS), 2025The NAAED (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Indications NOS), 2025Christensen (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024Christensen (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020Margulis (Pregabalin) (Indications other than epilepsy), 2019	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S16194 R79518	The NAAED (Controls exposed to LTG) (Indications NOS), 2025	Small for gestational age	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.13 [0.45;2.84] C excluded (control group)	5/62   178/2,461	183	62		ref
S16184 R79516	The NAAED (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Indications NOS), 2025	mall for gestational age	at least 1st trimester	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No	0.84 [0.33;2.13] C	5/62   124/1,311	129	62		ref
S16068 R66682	Christensen (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024	Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations))	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick excluded	Adjustment: No	1.43 [1.25;1.64] C excluded (control group)	318/2,214   920/8,756	1,238	2,214		ref
S16025 R66521	Christensen (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024	Small for gestational age (a z-score for birth weight ≤10th percentile for gestational week, sex, and country (including newborns with congenital malformations))	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.16 [1.02;1.31]	318/2,214   446,267/4,467,848	446,585	2,214		ref
S8541 R28341	Coste (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 2020	Small for gestational age (weight)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: No	1.13 [0.96;1.32] C	177/1,627   167,376/1,710,441	167,553	1,627		ref
S18025 R75960	Margulis (Pregabalin) (Indications other than epilepsy), 2019	Small for gestational age (defined within the Medical Birth Register from standard growth curves based on ultra- sound-derived fetal weights for singletons only)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)	population based cohort retrospective	exposed to other treatment, sick	Adjustment: Yes	1.70 [0.70;4.00]	-/498   -/1,808	-	498		ref
					Total	4 studies	1.15 [1.04;1.26]		614,267	4,401
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 16068, 16194