Topiramate (All indications)

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (> 6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S12715
R53760
Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID): mild ID (F70), moderate ID (F71), severe ID (F72), and profound ID (F73) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 3.79 [1.56;9.22] C
excluded (control group)
6/471   27/7,950 33 471
ref
S12716
R53761
Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID): mild ID (F70), moderate ID (F71), severe ID (F72), and profound ID (F73) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes 3.92 [1.76;8.74]
excluded (control group)
6/471   16,384/4,463,879 16,390 471
ref
S12718
R53762
Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Diagnosis of intellectual disability (ID): mild ID (F70), moderate ID (F71), severe ID (F72), and profound ID (F73) (between 6.1 and 7.9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Controls: epilepsy indication 2.00 [0.88;4.54] C 6/471   139/21,634 145 471
ref
S8582
R53759
Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 Full-scale IQ <85 (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) / Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)) (5-9 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (registry) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 2.17 [0.41;11.53] C 3/27   3/55 6 27
ref
Total 2 studies 2.03 [0.97;4.24] 151 498
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Bjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022Bjørk, 2022 1 2.00[0.88; 4.54]14547181%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Bromley (Topiramate), 2016Bromley, 2016 2 2.17[0.41; 11.53]62719%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 0% 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980.55.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications; 2: Topiramate;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980%NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980%NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980%NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 2 Controls   - epilepsy indication  - epilepsy indication 2.00[0.88; 4.54]145471 -NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 All studiesAll studies 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980%NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 20.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 12715, 12716

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.92[1.76; 8.74]16,390471 -NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed NOS) (Mixed indications), 2022 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.03[0.97; 4.24]1514980%NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls unexposed, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 Bromley (Topiramate), 2016 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 3.79[1.56; 9.22]33471 -NABjørk (Topiramate) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Mixed indications), 2022 10.510.01.0