Primidone AND Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S8683
R29238		 Lowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1973 Cleft lip and/or cleft palate 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No 11.51 [1.56;84.81] C
excluded (control group) 		1/57   49/31,632 50 57
ref
S8684
R29240		 Lowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 Cleft lip and/or cleft palate 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 5.97 [0.24;149.03] C 1/57   0/111 1 57
ref
Total 1 studies 5.97 [0.24;149.03] 1 57
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Lowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973Lowe, 1973 1 5.97[0.24; 149.03]1570%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA0.920.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 5.97[0.24; 149.03]157 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 5.97[0.24; 149.03]157 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 5.97[0.24; 149.03]157 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 1 All studiesAll studies 5.97[0.24; 149.03]157 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 10.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8683

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale11.51[1.56; 84.81]5057 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1973 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 5.97[0.24; 149.03]157 -NALowe (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 10.510.01.0