Primidone AND Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Polydactyly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S8694
R29316
Tomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 Polydactyly at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 43.11 [2.06;900.25] C 2/294   0/2,514 2 294
ref
S8671
R29208
Bànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 Poly/syndactyly throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Matched 0.49 [0.02;13.92] C 0/6   2/12 2 6
ref
S8650
R29044
D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 17.57 [0.30;1024.08] C
excluded (control group)
0/4   0/62 0 4
ref
S8651
R29073
D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 2.14 [0.03;131.94] C 0/4   0/8 0 4
ref
Total 3 studies 4.00 [0.24;66.68] 4 304
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Tomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018Tomson, 2018 1 43.11[2.06; 900.25]229438%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Bànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011Bànhidy, 2011 2 0.49[0.02; 13.92]2635%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991D'Souza, 1991 3 2.14[0.03; 131.94]0428%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 49% 4.00[0.24; 66.68]43040.2100.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital or Primidone; 2: Phenobarbital or Primidone; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 13.45[0.76; 236.46]229824%NATomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 case control studiescase control studies 0.49[0.02; 13.92]26 -NABànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 1 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.88[0.07; 11.84]2100%NABànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 43.11[2.06; 900.25]2294 -NATomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 4.00[0.24; 66.68]430449%NATomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 MatchedMatched 0.49[0.02; 13.92]26 -NABànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 1 All studiesAll studies 4.00[0.24; 66.68]430449%NATomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 30.2100.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8650

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale17.57[0.30; 1024.08]-4 -NAD'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.88[0.07; 11.84]2100%NABànhidy (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale43.11[2.06; 900.25]2294 -NATomson (Phenobarbital or Primidone), 2018 10.510.01.0