Primidone AND Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (> 6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S8716
R29456		 Titze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008 Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 4.22 [0.08;223.98] C
excluded (control group) 		0/12   0/49 0 12
ref
S8717
R29457		 Titze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 Learning disability (IQ<70) (German versions of the revised Wechsler Intelligence Scales for children and for adults) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.33 [0.01;9.07] C 0/12   1/13 1 12
ref
Total 1 studies 0.33 [0.01;9.07] 1 12
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Titze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008Titze, 2008 1 0.33[0.01; 9.07]1120%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate0.22.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.33[0.01; 9.07]112 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.33[0.01; 9.07]112 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.33[0.01; 9.07]112 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 1 All studiesAll studies 0.33[0.01; 9.07]112 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 10.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8716

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 4.22[0.08; 223.98]-12 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2008 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale0.33[0.01; 9.07]112 -NATitze (Phenobarbital or Primidone) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2008 10.510.01.0