Primidone AND Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

ADHD (Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Diagnosis/Risk

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19461
R82971		 Straub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ICD-10 codes: F90.x - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 3.78 [2.42;5.90] C
excluded (control group) 		27/249   102/3,273 129 249
ref
S19471
R83081		 Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - ICD-10 codes: F90.x - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 1.26 [0.58;2.77] 27/249   366/8,887 393 249
ref
Total 1 studies 1.26 [0.58;2.75] 393 249
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026Straub, 2026 1 1.26[0.58; 2.77]3932490%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate0.55.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.26[0.58; 2.75]393249 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.26[0.58; 2.75]393249 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.26[0.58; 2.75]393249 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 All studiesAll studies 1.26[0.58; 2.75]393249 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 10.55.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 19461

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.26[0.58; 2.75]393249 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 3.78[2.42; 5.90]129249 -NAStraub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2026 10.510.01.0