Primidone AND Phenobarbital (Epilepsy) updated on 04-22-2025

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16818
R70552		 Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Low birth weight (<2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.41 [0.03;6.83] C
excluded (control group) 		0/27   230/5,299 230 27
ref
S16819
R70554		 Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Low birth weight (<2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.40 [0.02;6.53] C 0/27   1,006/22,227 1,006 27
ref
S18082
R76135		 Leite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Low birth weight during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No 0.90 [0.33;2.43] -/70   111/492 - 70
ref
S8704
R29340		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications 2.56 [1.36;4.81] C
excluded (control group) 		12/84   172/2,813 184 84
ref
S8705
R29358		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.95 [1.60;5.44] C 12/84   91,455/1,710,441 91,467 84
ref
Total 3 studies 1.47 [0.50;4.31] 92,473 181
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 0.40[0.02; 6.53]1,0062712%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Leite (Phenobarbital), 2024Leite, 2024 2 0.90[0.33; 2.43]-7039%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 3 2.95[1.60; 5.44]91,4678449%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 62% 1.47[0.50; 4.31]92,4731810.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population; 2: Phenobarbital; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.47[0.50; 4.31]92,47318162%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.74[0.55; 5.54]91,46715475%NALeite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.40[0.02; 6.53]1,00627 -NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.47[0.50; 4.31]92,47318162%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 All studiesAll studies 1.47[0.50; 4.31]92,47318162%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 30.110.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8704, 16818

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.74[0.55; 5.54]91,56915475%NALeite (Phenobarbital), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale0.40[0.02; 6.53]1,00627 -NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.76[0.41; 7.45]41411135%NAChristensen (Primidone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 20.510.01.0