Lamotrigine (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Club foot / Talipes equinovarus

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19314
R81803		 Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Talipes equinovarus 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.62 [0.65;4.02] 7/718   18,372/2,489,078 18,379 718
ref
S15197
R62331		 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Clubfoot 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 1.04 [0.69;1.56] -/8,339   -/4,866,362 - 8,339
ref
S10035
R36169		 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Talipes equinovarus 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.70 [0.10;2.70] 2/2,997   1,677/1,875,733 1,679 2,997
ref
S8971
R30406		 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 All clubfoot 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.60 [0.81;3.15] 9/-   -/- - -
ref
S8908
R30106		 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 Pes equinovarus early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Partial overlapping 0.68 [0.10;4.86] C 1/1,084   2,127/1,575,847 2,128 1,084
ref
Total 5 studies 1.17 [0.86;1.61] 22,186 13,138
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026Kim, 2026 1 1.62[0.65; 4.02]18,37971812%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023Cohen, 2023 2 1.04[0.69; 1.56]-8,33960%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019Blotière, 2019 3 0.70[0.10; 2.70]1,6792,9974%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016Dolk, 2016 4 1.60[0.81; 3.15]--22%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013Källén, 2013 5 0.68[0.10; 4.86]2,1281,0843%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 0% 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380.25.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS; 2: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 3: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 4: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 5: Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.08[0.75; 1.54]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 4 case control studiescase control studies 1.60[0.81; 3.16]-- -NADolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 5 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.69[0.20; 2.45]3,8074,0810%NABlotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.22[0.88; 1.69]18,3799,0570%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 3 Partial overlappingPartial overlapping 1.02[0.69; 1.52]2,1289,4230%NACohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 2 All studiesAll studies 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 50.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-2.42.51.2010.000Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013

Asymetry test p-value = 0.8853 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.1988 (0.2820); intercept=-0.1227 (0.7823); t=0.1569; p=0.8853

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 50.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki a (NMA) (Club foot)Veroniki a (NMA) (Club foot) 0.70[0.12; 2.89]-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT4 metaPregmetaPreg 1.17[0.86; 1.61]0%13,138----Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 50.510.01.0