Lamotrigine (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Club foot / Talipes equinovarus

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19314
R81803		 Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Talipes equinovarus 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.62 [0.65;4.02] 7/718   18,372/2,489,078 18,379 718
ref
S15197
R62331		 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Clubfoot 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping 1.04 [0.69;1.56] -/8,339   -/4,866,362 - 8,339
ref
S10035
R36169		 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Talipes equinovarus 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 0.70 [0.10;2.70] 2/2,997   1,677/1,875,733 1,679 2,997
ref
S8971
R30406		 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 All clubfoot 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.60 [0.81;3.15] 9/-   -/- - -
ref
S8908
R30106		 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 Pes equinovarus early pregnancy population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Partial overlapping 0.68 [0.10;4.86] C 1/1,084   2,127/1,575,847 2,128 1,084
ref
Total 5 studies 1.17 [0.86;1.61] 22,186 13,138
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026Kim, 2026 1 1.62[0.65; 4.02]18,37971812%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023Cohen, 2023 2 1.04[0.69; 1.56]-8,33960%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019Blotière, 2019 3 0.70[0.10; 2.70]1,6792,9974%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016Dolk, 2016 4 1.60[0.81; 3.15]--22%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013Källén, 2013 5 0.68[0.10; 4.86]2,1281,0843%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 0% 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380.25.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS; 2: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 3: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 4: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 5: Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.08[0.75; 1.54]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 4 case control studiescase control studies 1.60[0.81; 3.16]-- -NADolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 1 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 5 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.69[0.20; 2.45]3,8074,0810%NABlotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.22[0.88; 1.69]18,3799,0570%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 3 Partial overlappingPartial overlapping 1.02[0.69; 1.52]2,1289,4230%NACohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 2 All studiesAll studies 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 50.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-2.42.51.2010.000Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013

Asymetry test p-value = 0.8853 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.1988 (0.2820); intercept=-0.1227 (0.7823); t=0.1569; p=0.8853

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.17[0.86; 1.61]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 5 design cohort studycohort study 1.08[0.75; 1.54]22,18613,1380%NAKim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 4 case controlcase control 1.60[0.81; 3.16]-- -NADolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 1 case-time-controlcase-time-control 0 case-case-time-controlcase-case-time-control 0 otherother 00.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Veroniki a (NMA) (Club foot)Veroniki a (NMA) (Club foot) 0.70[0.12; 2.89]-Wwhatever (meta-analysis)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT4 metaPregmetaPreg 1.17[0.86; 1.61]0%13,138----Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026 Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023 Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019 Dolk (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2016 Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013 50.510.01.0