Lamotrigine (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Hypospadias

id	Study   Auto Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019Veiby (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Mixed indications), 2014Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S19314 R81801	Kim (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2026	Hypospadias	1st trimester	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	3.30 [0.30;36.26]	1/718   2,427/2,489,078	2,428	718		ref
S15197 R62332	Cohen (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2023	Hypospadias	1st trimester	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping	1.01 [0.66;1.55]	-/8,339   -/4,866,362	-	8,339		ref
S10035 R36163	Blotière (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2019	Hypospadias	1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes	1.20 [0.60;2.60]	7/2,997   3,371/1,875,733	3,378	2,997		ref
S8964 R30359	Veiby (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Mixed indications), 2014	Hypospadias	throughout pregnancy	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No Partial overlapping	2.41 [0.90;6.44] C	4/833   1,543/771,412	1,547	833		ref
S8908 R30105	Källén (Lamotrigine) (Indications NOS), 2013	Hypospadias	early pregnancy	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS)	Adjustment: Yes Partial overlapping	0.87 [0.18;2.04]	3/1,084   4,552/1,575,847	4,555	1,084		ref
					Total	5 studies	1.17 [0.84;1.62]		11,908	13,971
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)