Lamotrigine (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Caesarean

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18701
R79549		 Mazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 Cesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 0.99 [0.84;1.18] 482/1,469   186,309/624,794 186,791 1,469
ref
S18014
R75991		 Kernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 C-section delivery during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.87 [0.25;2.97] C 4/13   47/139 51 13
ref
S8902
R30059		 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013 Caesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.20 [0.81;1.77]
excluded (control group) 		32/173   114,791/721,948 114,823 173
ref
S8903
R30071		 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Caesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.93 [0.61;1.42] 32/173   331/1,800 363 173
ref
S8952
R30266		 Rihtman (Lamotrigine), 2013 Cesarean section at least 1st trimester excluded prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.07 [0.54;7.92] C
excluded (exposition period) 		6/40   4/51 10 40
ref
S8957
R30333		 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010 Caesarean during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: Yes 1.40 [1.00;1.90]
excluded (control group) 		44/233   51,806/362,302 51,850 233
ref
S8959
R30341		 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 Caesarean during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 1.05 [0.74;1.49] C 44/233   337/1,863 381 233
ref
Total 4 studies 0.99 [0.86;1.14] 187,586 1,888
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Mazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025Mazzone, 2025 1 0.99[0.84; 1.18]186,7911,46970%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024Kernizan, 2024 2 0.87[0.25; 2.97]51131%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Artama, 2013 3 0.93[0.61; 1.42]36317311%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010Borthen, 2010 4 1.05[0.74; 1.49]38123317%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 0.99[0.86; 1.14]187,5861,8880.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications; 2: Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder; 3: Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick; 4: Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.99[0.86; 1.14]187,5861,8880%NAMazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 Kernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 0.99[0.84; 1.17]186,7911,469 -NAMazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.00[0.77; 1.29]7954190%NAKernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.04[0.74; 1.45]4322460%NAKernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 2   - Yes  - Yes 0.98[0.84; 1.15]187,1541,6420%NAMazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 2 All studiesAll studies 0.99[0.86; 1.14]187,5861,8880%NAMazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 Kernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.51.50.7530.000Mazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025Kernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 8957, 8902

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.14[0.91; 1.43]353,4641,87547%NAMazzone (Lamotrigine) (Mixed indications), 2025 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2013 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.00[0.77; 1.29]7954190%NAKernizan (Lamotrigine) (Bipolar disorder), 2024 Artama (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2013 Borthen (Lamotrigine) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 30.510.01.0