Levetiracetam (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Early intrauterine deaths (< 22 weeks) / Spontaneous abortions

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16096
R66785		 Hoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 Spontaneous abortion (spontaneous pregnancy loss of a fetus weighing less than 500g or in case of unknown weight occurring before 24 completed gestational weeks) at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.80 [0.34;1.86] 12/221   25/469 37 221
ref
S16156
R67048		 Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2020 Miscarriage 1st trimester retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 2.53 [0.29;22.30] C
excluded (control group) 		8/46   1/13 9 46
ref
S16153
R67036		 Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Miscarriage 1st trimester retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 3.79 [0.75;19.06] C 8/46   2/38 10 46
ref
S8982
R30471		 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Spontaneous miscarriages during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 0.41 [0.02;9.32] C 0/11   2/24 2 11
ref
S9013
R30659		 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Spontaneous abortions at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 1.11 [0.73;1.71] C 27/324   144/1,910 171 324
ref
S8988
R30532		 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 Miscarriage (8–10 gestational week) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 2.14 [0.03;131.94] C 0/4   0/8 0 4
ref
Total 5 studies 1.11 [0.77;1.60] 220 606
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Hoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024Hoeltzenbein, 2024 1 0.80[0.34; 1.86]3722119%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: moderateROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: critical Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020Alsaadi, 2020 2 3.79[0.75; 19.06]10465%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015Arkilo, 2015 3 0.41[0.02; 9.32]2111%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015Tomson, 2015 4 1.11[0.73; 1.71]17132474%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014Babic, 2014 5 2.14[0.03; 131.94]041%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (5 studies) I2 = 0% 1.11[0.77; 1.60]2206060.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Levetiracetam; 2: Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick; 3: Levetiracetam; 4: Levetiracetam; 5: Levetiracetam;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.11[0.77; 1.60]2206060%NAHoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 5 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.79[0.75; 19.06]1046 -NAAlsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 1 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 1.03[0.71; 1.51]2105600%NAHoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.19[0.79; 1.80]1833850%NAAlsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 4   - Yes  - Yes 0.80[0.34; 1.87]37221 -NAHoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.11[0.77; 1.60]2206060%NAHoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 50.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-4.95.02.5230.000Hoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014

Asymetry test p-value = 0.7684 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.0254 (0.3046); intercept=0.2335 (0.7246); t=0.3223; p=0.7684

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 16156

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.79[0.75; 19.06]1046 -NAAlsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed sick), 2020 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.06[0.73; 1.54]2196060%NAHoeltzenbein (Levetiracetam), 2024 Alsaadi (Levetiracetam) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2020 Arkilo (Levetiracetam), 2015 Tomson (Levetiracetam), 2015 Babic (Levetiracetam), 2014 50.510.01.0