Oxcarbazepine (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Language disorders/delay

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S19380
R82274
Straub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Speech or language disorder - ICD-10 codes: F80.xx (except F80.4), H93.25 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 0.99 [0.68;1.44] C
excluded (control group)
35/660   175/3,273 210 660
ref
S19373
R82186
Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Speech or language disorder - ICD-10 codes: F80.xx (except F80.4), H93.25 - Mean follow up (full cohort): 3.4 years during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes 0.99 [0.70;1.41] 35/660   456/8,887 491 660
ref
S12798
R48221
Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Language Score in 2 years old children with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) 3rd trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.40 [0.49;4.02]
excluded (control group)
-/13   -/93 - 13
ref
S12799
R48222
Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Language Score in 2 years old children with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID-III) 3rd trimester prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 1.36 [0.47;3.92] -/13   -/87 - 13
ref
S10097
R36770
Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Visits to a speech therapist (mean age of 3.7 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: Yes Controls: mixed indications 1.30 [0.70;2.50]
excluded (control group)
13/143   157/2,916 170 143
ref
S9087
R31120
Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Health care utilization: Speech therapy (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.70 [1.00;2.90] 13/143   72,012/1,710,441 72,025 143
ref
S9939
R35727
Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.11 [0.38;11.63]
excluded (control group)
-/10   -/8 - 10
ref
S9940
R35733
Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 Griffiths Mental Developmental Scale - Hearing and speech (at the age of 7 months) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 9.58 [2.67;34.33] -/10   -/59 - 10
ref
Total 4 studies 1.81 [0.89;3.66] 72,516 826
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026Straub, 2026 1 0.99[0.70; 1.41]49166033%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021Meador, 2021 2 1.36[0.47; 3.92]-1320%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: lowROB classification: lowROB missing: moderateROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: low Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 3 1.70[1.00; 2.90]72,02514330%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016Videman, 2016 4 9.58[2.67; 34.33]-1017%ROB confusion: unclearROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 76% 1.81[0.89; 3.66]72,5168260.220.01.0ROB: A: confounding, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy; 2: Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free; 3: Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS; 4: Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.81[0.89; 3.66]72,51682676%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.52[0.94; 6.73]72,02516670%NAMeador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 3 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.99[0.70; 1.41]491660 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 9.58[2.67; 34.35]-10 -NAVideman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.23[0.85; 1.79]72,51681630%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 3.49[0.52; 23.61]-2381%NAMeador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 2 All studiesAll studies 1.81[0.89; 3.66]72,51682676%NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 40.220.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-2.72.70.7820.000Straub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9939, 10097, 12798, 19380

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.52[0.94; 6.73]72,02516670%NAMeador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2016 3 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.99[0.70; 1.41]491660 -NAStraub (Controls unexposed, sick) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.11[0.82; 1.50]3808260%NAStraub (Controls exposed to LTG) (Oxcarbazepine) (Epilepsy), 2026 Meador (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Coste (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Videman (Oxcarbazepine) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2016 40.510.01.0