Phenobarbital (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Polydactyly

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9151
R31461		 Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 Polydactyly at least 1st trimester prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick Adjustment: No 43.11 [2.06;900.25] C 2/294   0/2,514 2 294
ref
S9124
R31349		 Bànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 Poly/syndactyly throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Matched 6.33 [0.09;458.24] C 0/   2/12 2 0
ref
S9101
R31179		 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free excluded Adjustment: No Matched 17.57 [0.30;1024.08] C
excluded (control group) 		0/4   0/62 0 4
ref
S9102
R31208		 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 Extra digits throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 2.14 [0.03;131.94] C 0/4   0/8 0 4
ref
Total 3 studies 12.12 [1.45;101.31] 4 298
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Tomson (Phenobarbital), 2018Tomson, 2018 1 43.11[2.06; 900.25]229449%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Bànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011Bànhidy, 2011 2 6.33[0.09; 458.24]2-25%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991D'Souza, 1991 3 2.14[0.03; 131.94]0427%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 12.12[1.45; 101.31]42980.9100.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital; 2: Phenobarbital; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 13.45[0.76; 236.46]229824%NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 case control studiescase control studies 6.33[0.09; 458.24]2- -NABànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 1 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.61[0.19; 70.25]240%NABànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sickexposed to other treatment, sick 43.11[2.06; 900.25]2294 -NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 12.12[1.45; 101.31]42980%NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 3 MatchedMatched 6.33[0.09; 458.24]2- -NABànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 1 All studiesAll studies 12.12[1.45; 101.31]42980%NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 Bànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 30.5100.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9101

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) Out of scale17.57[0.30; 1024.08]-4 -NAD'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.61[0.19; 70.25]240%NABànhidy (Phenobarbital), 2011 D'Souza (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale43.11[2.06; 900.25]2294 -NATomson (Phenobarbital), 2018 10.510.01.0