Phenobarbital (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (< 3 years old)

id	Study   Auto Shankaran (Phenobarbital) (Other indications), 2002	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimester	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S9179 R37828	Shankaran (Phenobarbital) (Other indications), 2002	The mental developmental index ≤69 (MDI) (Bayley)	days before delivery excluded	randomized controlled trial	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Randomisation	1.11 [0.67;1.86] C excluded (exposition period)	40/214   32/187	72	214		ref
					Total	0 studies	NaN [NaN;NaN]		0	0
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis