Phenobarbital (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Severe cognitive developmental delay (Mental retardation) (3-6 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9160
R31490		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications 2.25 [0.29;17.22] C
excluded (control group) 		1/84   15/2,813 16 84
ref
S9161
R31508		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Diagnosis Mental retardation (F70–F79) (mean age of 3.6 years old) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 3.00 [0.40;21.40] 1/84   3,398/1,710,441 3,399 84
ref
Total 1 studies 3.00 [0.41;21.94] 3,399 84
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 1 3.00[0.40; 21.40]3,399840%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA0.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 3.00[0.41; 21.94]3,39984 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 3.00[0.41; 21.94]3,39984 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 3.00[0.41; 21.94]3,39984 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 All studiesAll studies 3.00[0.41; 21.94]3,39984 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 10.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9160

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 3.00[0.41; 21.94]3,39984 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 1 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.25[0.29; 17.22]1684 -NACoste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 10.510.01.0