Phenobarbital (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Cognitive developmental disorders/delay (< 3 years old)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16617
R69694
Thomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2022 The mental development quotient (MEDQ) - The developmental assessment scale for Indian infants (DASII) - Between 12-24 months of age (mean (SD): 15.3 (3.9) months)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.01 [0.90;4.49]
excluded (control group)
-/83   -/26 - 83
ref
S16618
R69697
Thomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 The mental development quotient (MEDQ) - The developmental assessment scale for Indian infants (DASII) - Between 12-24 months of age (mean (SD): 15.3 (3.9) months)) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.02 [1.20;3.41] -/83   -/110 - 83
ref
S9179
R53635
Shankaran (Phenobarbital) (Other indications), 2002 The mental developmental index ≤84 (MDI) (Bayley) days before delivery excluded randomized controlled trial unexposed, sick Adjustment: Randomisation 1.18 [0.80;1.75] C
excluded (exposition period)
105/214   84/187 189 214
ref
S9132
R53634
Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 Delayed development during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.20 [0.01;4.23] C 0/13   3/21 3 13
ref
Total 2 studies 1.06 [0.14;8.09] 3 96
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Thomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022Thomas b, 2022 1 2.02[1.20; 3.41]-8372%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: lowROB reporting: moderate Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984Kelly, 1984 2 Out of scale0.20[0.01; 4.23]31328%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (2 studies) I2 = 53% 1.06[0.14; 8.09]3960.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick; 2: Phenobarbital;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.06[0.14; 8.09]39653%NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.06[0.14; 8.09]39653%NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.06[0.14; 8.09]39653%NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 2 extrapolated (cont. endpoint)extrapolated (cont. endpoint) 2.02[1.20; 3.41]-83 -NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 1 All studiesAll studies 1.06[0.14; 8.09]39653%NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 20.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 16617

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.06[0.14; 8.09]39653%NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2022 Kelly (Phenobarbital), 1984 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.01[0.90; 4.49]-83 -NAThomas b (Phenobarbitone) (Epilepsy) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2022 10.510.01.0