Phenobarbital (All indications) updated on 04-22-2025

Low birth weight (< 2500g)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S16073
R66701		 Christensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Low birth weight (<2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No 1.75 [1.01;3.05] C
excluded (control group) 		14/183   395/8,756 409 183
ref
S16043
R66588		 Christensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Low birth weight (<2500 g) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes 1.52 [0.86;2.70] 14/183   141,442/4,467,848 141,456 183
ref
S18022
R76118		 Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Low birth weight during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No 0.90 [0.33;2.43] -/70   111/492 - 70
ref
S9160
R31484		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Controls: mixed indications 2.56 [1.36;4.81] C
excluded (control group) 		12/84   172/2,813 184 84
ref
S9161
R31502		 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 Weight at birth <2500 g during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No 2.95 [1.60;5.44] C 12/84   91,455/1,710,441 91,467 84
ref
Total 3 studies 1.72 [0.93;3.20] 232,923 337
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Christensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024Christensen, 2024 1 1.52[0.86; 2.70]141,45618339%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024Leite, 2024 2 0.90[0.33; 2.43]-7023%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Coste, 2020 3 2.95[1.60; 5.44]91,4678437%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Total (3 studies) I2 = 57% 1.72[0.93; 3.20]232,9233370.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population; 2: Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy; 3: Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.72[0.93; 3.20]232,92333757%NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.72[0.93; 3.20]232,92333757%NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.74[0.55; 5.54]91,46715475%NALeite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.52[0.86; 2.69]141,456183 -NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 1.72[0.93; 3.20]232,92333757%NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 9160, 16073

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.72[0.93; 3.20]233,02533757%NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls unexposed, general population), 2024 Leite (Phenobarbital) (Epilepsy), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020 3 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 2.07[1.36; 3.14]5932670%NAChristensen (Phenobarbital) (All indications) (Controls exposed to LTG), 2024 Coste (Phenobarbital) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 20.510.01.0