Phenytoin (All indications)

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S9191
R31818		 Arteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Congenital malformations 1st trimester case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 2.01 [0.83;4.84] C 19/43   13/46 32 43
ref
S9225
R35123		 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Total congenital abnormalities throughout pregnancy case control unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Matched 0.61 [0.21;1.82] C 14/33   12/22 26 33
ref
Total 2 studies 1.16 [0.36;3.70] 58 76
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Arteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012Arteaga-Vázquez, 2012 1 2.01[0.83; 4.84]324354%ROB confusion: NAROB selection: NAROB classification: NAROB missing: NAROB mesure: NAROB reporting: NA Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011Bànhidy, 2011 2 0.61[0.21; 1.82]263346%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: lowROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 64% 1.16[0.36; 3.70]58760.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Phenytoin; 2: Phenytoin;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0 case control studiescase control studies 1.16[0.36; 3.70]587664%NAArteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 2 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.16[0.36; 3.70]587664%NAArteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.16[0.36; 3.70]587664%NAArteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 2 MatchedMatched 0.61[0.21; 1.82]2633 -NABànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 1 All studiesAll studies 1.16[0.36; 3.70]587664%NAArteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 20.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.99[1.43; 6.26]50,75289358%NAThe NAAED (Controls unexposed, disease free) (Indications NOS), 2022 Thomas (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2021 Källén (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Indications NOS), 2013 Mawer (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2010 Hvas (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 2000 Samrén (Phenytoin), 1999 Nulman (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, NOS) (Mixed indications), 1997 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1991 Lowe (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, disease free), 1973 9 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 2.32[1.38; 3.91]18771332%NAThomas (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Aydin (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020 Vajda (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2019 Arteaga-Vázquez (Phenytoin), 2012 Bànhidy (Phenytoin), 2011 Mawer (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2010 Morrow (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2006 Viinikainen (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick) a, 2006 Artama (Phenytoin), 2005 Kaaja (Phenytoin), 2003 Dean (Phenytoin), 2002 Hvas (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 2000 Canger (Phenytoin), 1999 Kaneko (Phenytoin), 1999 D'Souza (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1991 Lowe (Phenytoin) (Controls unexposed, sick), 1973 16 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.88[1.31; 2.71]2429410%NAThe NAAED (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2022 Thomas (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2021 Aydin (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2020 Vajda (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2019 Tomson (Phenytoin), 2018 Källén (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick) (Indications NOS), 2013 Mawer (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2010 Morrow (Phenytoin) (Controls exposed to Lamotrigine, sick), 2006 80.510.01.0