Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Atrial septal defect

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7471
R22298		 Anderson, 2020 Atrial septal defect (ASD) – secundum type 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.23 [0.59;2.55] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7351
R21516		 Wemakor, 2015 Atrial septal defect 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.28 [0.43;3.75] 4/24   2,687/19,750 2,691 24
ref
S6014
R15486		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 2.41 [1.36;4.26]
excluded (control group) 		12/1,606   2,490/843,797 2,502 1,606
ref
S6019
R15597		 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.00 [0.38;2.68] C 12/1,606   6/806 18 1,606
ref
S6241
R16477		 Malm, 2011 Atrial septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 0.86 [0.38;1.94] 6/2,799   1,279/628,607 1,285 2,799
ref
Total 4 studies 1.07 [0.69;1.66] 3,994 4,429
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 1.23[0.59; 2.55]--36%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 1.28[0.43; 3.75]2,6912416%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Jimenez-Solem, 2012 1 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,60620%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: critical Malm, 2011Malm, 2011 0.86[0.38; 1.94]1,2852,79929%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 0% 1.07[0.69; 1.66]3,9944,4290.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.92[0.49; 1.72]1,3034,4050%NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 2 case control studiescase control studies 1.25[0.68; 2.28]2,691240%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.09[0.67; 1.78]3,9762,8230%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1   - Yes  - Yes 1.09[0.67; 1.78]3,9762,8230%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 0.86[0.38; 1.94]1,2852,799 -NAMalm, 2011 1   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.25[0.68; 2.28]2,691240%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 2   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 1 All studiesAll studies 1.07[0.69; 1.66]3,9944,4290%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 Malm, 2011 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.31.40.6630.000Anderson, 2020Wemakor, 2015Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012Malm, 2011

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 6014

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.44[0.89; 2.34]6,4784,42937%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Jimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2012 Malm, 2011 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.00[0.38; 2.68]181,606 -NAJimenez-Solem (Controls unexposed, sick), 2012 10.510.01.0