Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Cardiac septal defects

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7471
R22295		 Anderson, 2020 Septal defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.94 [0.51;1.74] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7437
R21936		 Bérard, 2017 Ventricular/atrial septal defect 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.39 [0.82;2.36] -/584   -/14,847 - 584
ref
S6005
R15384		 Furu, 2015 Atrial and ventricular septal defects 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.17 [0.97;1.42] 119/11,193   17,503/2,266,875 17,622 11,193
ref
S7351
R21524		 Wemakor, 2015 Septal defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.88 [0.40;1.94] 9/29   8,122/25,185 8,131 29
ref
S6161
R16193		 Louik, 2007 Septal defects 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.80 [0.20;4.00] 2/17   1,159/7,004 1,161 17
ref
Total 5 studies 1.15 [0.97;1.36] 26,914 11,823
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 0.94[0.51; 1.74]--7%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Bérard, 2017Bérard, 2017 1.39[0.82; 2.36]-58410%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Furu, 2015Furu, 2015 1.17[0.97; 1.42]17,62211,19377%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 0.88[0.40; 1.94]8,131294%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Louik, 2007Louik, 2007 0.80[0.20; 4.00]1,161171%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (5 studies) I2 = 0% 1.15[0.97; 1.36]26,91411,8230.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.19[1.00; 1.43]17,62211,7770%NABérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 2 case control studiescase control studies 0.91[0.57; 1.44]9,292460%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 3 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.13[0.95; 1.34]26,91411,2390%NAAnderson, 2020 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 4 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 1.39[0.82; 2.36]-584 -NABérard, 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.15[0.97; 1.36]26,91411,8230%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 5 Monotherapy   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.16[0.98; 1.37]25,75311,8060%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 4   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.80[0.18; 3.58]1,16117 -NALouik, 2007 1 Unexposed sick   - intermediate history of illness/tre ...  - intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy) 1.39[0.82; 2.36]-584 -NABérard, 2017 1 All studiesAll studies 1.15[0.97; 1.36]26,91411,8230%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 50.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.81.90.9170.000Anderson, 2020Bérard, 2017Furu, 2015Wemakor, 2015Louik, 2007

Asymetry test p-value = 0.3477 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.2182 (0.0875); intercept=-0.5098 (0.4590); t=1.1109; p=0.3477

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.13[0.95; 1.34]26,91411,2390%NAAnderson, 2020 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 4 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 1.39[0.82; 2.36]-584 -NABérard, 2017 10.510.01.0