Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Craniosynostosis

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S7471
R22319		 Anderson, 2020 Craniosynostosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.48 [0.71;3.07] -/-   0/- - -
ref
S7437
R21937		 Bérard, 2017 Craniosynostosis 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 3.95 [2.08;7.52] -/584   -/14,847 - 584
ref
S6005
R15392		 Furu, 2015 Craniosynostosis 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.99 [0.47;2.10] 8/11,193   1,210/2,266,875 1,218 11,193
ref
S7351
R21510		 Wemakor, 2015 Craniosynostosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 2.79 [0.37;20.84] C 1/21   306/17,369 307 21
ref
S6241
R16489		 Malm, 2011 Craniocynostosis 1st trimester population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified 1.49 [0.36;6.15] -/2,799   -/628,607 - 2,799
ref
S6161
R16187		 Louik, 2007 Craniosynostosis 1st trimester case control unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.65 [0.10;27.69] C 0/15   115/5,960 115 15
ref
Total 6 studies 1.85 [1.06;3.24] 1,640 14,612
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Anderson, 2020Anderson, 2020 1.48[0.71; 3.07]--25%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Bérard, 2017Bérard, 2017 3.95[2.08; 7.52]-58428%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Furu, 2015Furu, 2015 0.99[0.47; 2.10]1,21811,19325%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Wemakor, 2015Wemakor, 2015 2.79[0.37; 20.84]307217%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Malm, 2011Malm, 2011 1.49[0.36; 6.15]-2,79912%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Louik, 2007Louik, 2007 1.65[0.10; 27.69]115154%ROB confusion: moderateROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (6 studies) I2 = 42% 1.85[1.06; 3.24]1,64014,6120.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.88[0.69; 5.08]1,21814,57674%NABérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Malm, 2011 3 case control studiescase control studies 1.60[0.82; 3.12]422360%NAAnderson, 2020 Wemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 3 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.31[0.82; 2.10]1,64014,0280%NAAnderson, 2020 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 5 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.95[2.08; 7.51]-584 -NABérard, 2017 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.33[0.45; 12.01]422360%NAWemakor, 2015 Louik, 2007 2   - Yes  - Yes 1.78[0.89; 3.55]1,21814,57665%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Malm, 2011 4 Monotherapy   - no or not specified  - no or not specified 1.49[0.36; 6.16]-2,799 -NAMalm, 2011 1   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.91[0.92; 3.96]1,52511,79864%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 4   - substance alone among the specific ...  - substance alone among the specific class of antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.65[0.10; 27.69]11515 -NALouik, 2007 1 All studiesAll studies 1.85[1.06; 3.24]1,64014,61242%NAAnderson, 2020 Bérard, 2017 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 60.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.44.01.7280.000Anderson, 2020Bérard, 2017Furu, 2015Wemakor, 2015Malm, 2011Louik, 2007

Asymetry test p-value = 0.8242 (by Egger's regression)

slope=0.7949 (0.6498); intercept=-0.3249 (1.3698); t=0.2372; p=0.8242

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.31[0.82; 2.10]1,64014,0280%NAAnderson, 2020 Furu, 2015 Wemakor, 2015 Malm, 2011 Louik, 2007 5 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.95[2.08; 7.51]-584 -NABérard, 2017 10.510.01.0