Citalopram updated on 07-01-2025

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S18431
R78045
Lee (Controls exposed to TCAs), 2025 Small for gestational age (birth weight <2 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.01 [0.23;4.50] C
excluded (control group)
2/81   15/613 17 81
ref
S18412
R77782
Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Small for gestational age (birth weight <2 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.08 [0.26;4.42] 2/81   6,986/463,440 6,988 81
ref
S18217
R76436
Martin, 2024 Small for gestational age (SGA, defined as those with a birth weight in the lowest 10 percentiles for gestational age (<10th percentile) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) population based cohort retrospective unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.10 [1.05;1.16] 2,008/17,599   229,066/2,408,707 231,074 17,599
ref
S7696
R22826
Kivistö, 2016 Small for gestational age ( birthweight < 10th centile) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 0.95 [0.59;1.55] -/215   2,336/24,402 - 215
ref
Total 3 studies 1.10 [1.05;1.15] 238,062 17,895
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025Lee, 2025 1 1.08[0.26; 4.42]6,988810%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Martin, 2024Martin, 2024 1.10[1.05; 1.16]231,07417,59999%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Kivistö, 2016Kivistö, 2016 0.95[0.59; 1.55]-2151%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: criticalROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, general pop;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 3 Tags Adjustment   - Yes  - Yes 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 3 Monotherapy   - substance alone among all Antidep ( ...  - substance alone among all Antidep (SSRI, SNRI, ...) 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 3 All studiesAll studies 1.10[1.05; 1.15]238,06217,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 30.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 18431

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.10[1.05; 1.15]240,38917,8950%NALee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 3 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls 1.01[0.23; 4.50]1781 -NALee (Controls exposed to TCAs), 2025 10.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Vlenterie (Small for gestational age)Vlenterie (Small for gestational age) 0.70[0.20; 2.30]-U,Sunexposed, sickAnyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT4 Vlenterie (Small for gestational age)Vlenterie (Small for gestational age) Out of scale0.50[0.00; 6.00]-U,GPunexposed (general population or NOS)Anyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT4 metaPregmetaPreg 1.10[1.05; 1.15]0%17,895----Lee (Controls unexposed, general pop), 2025 Martin, 2024 Kivistö, 2016 30.510.01.0