Duloxetine updated on 07-01-2025

Digestive system anomalies

id	Study   Auto Ankarfeldt a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2021Ankarfeldt a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020	Lib. in paper	Exposition period  Auto during pregnancy (anytime or not specified)1st trimester2nd trimester3rd trimester2nd and/or 3rd trimesterthroughout pregnancyearly pregnancydays before deliverylate pregnancypreconception-onlypericonceptionalpreconceptional for kinetic reasonat least 1st trimester3 months (or more) before pregnancy or during pregnancy1st and 2nd trimester3 months or more before pregnancy or1st trimesterPaternal exp. genotoxic window only (0–3 months preconception)Paternal exposure: epigenetic window only (3–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: genotoxic/epigenetic window (0–xxx months preconception)Paternal exposure: other window	Study type  All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type    Auto unexposed (general population or NOS)unexposed, sickunexposed, disease freeexposed to other treatment, sicknot specifiedsiblingwhatever (meta-analysis)	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S11682 R42910	Ankarfeldt a (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2021	Digestive system malformation	1st trimester	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified	1.25 [0.79;1.99] excluded (control group)	24/1,438   77/5,751	101	1,438		ref
S11683 R42926	Ankarfeldt a (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021	Digestive system malformation	1st trimester	population based cohort retrospective	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy)	1.60 [0.84;3.05]	24/1,434   15/1,435	39	1,434		ref
S11747 R43169	Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, NOS), 2020	Gastrointestinal malformations	1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed (general population or NOS) excluded	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified	0.86 [0.48;1.55] excluded (control group)	-/2,532   -/-	-	2,532		ref
S11748 R43183	Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2020	Gastrointestinal malformations	1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes Monotherapy: no or not specified Unexposed sick: intermediate history of illness/treatment (3-12 months before pregnancy)	0.67 [0.31;1.45]	-/2,532   -/2,456	-	2,532		ref
					Total	2 studies	1.06 [0.45;2.49]		39	3,966
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 11747, 11682