Hydroxychloroquine (All indications except Antiphospholipid Syndrom)

Caesarean

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13666
R53074		 Reynolds, 2022 Caesarean section throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 0.99 [0.61;1.59] C 58/149   53/135 111 149
ref
S13670
R53106		 Tang, 2022 Caesarean delivery during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: IgA nephropathy 1.70 [0.64;4.51] C 17/25   35/63 52 25
ref
S13707
R53370		 Abd Rahman, 2020 Caesarean section during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 0.74 [0.28;1.97] C 17/37   15/28 32 37
ref
S13715
R53429		 Seo, 2019 Cesarean (planned and emergency) throughout pregnancy retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 0.61 [0.30;1.23] C 40/72   43/64 83 72
ref
S13679
R53153		 Diav-Citrin, 2013 Caesarean section at least 1st trimester excluded prospective cohort unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome...) 1.82 [1.11;3.00] C
excluded (exposition period) 		29/95   81/417 110 95
ref
Total 4 studies 0.91 [0.64;1.29] 278 283
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Reynolds, 2022Reynolds, 2022 0.99[0.61; 1.59]11114950%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tang, 2022Tang, 2022 1.70[0.64; 4.51]522513%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Abd Rahman, 2020Abd Rahman, 2020 0.74[0.28; 1.97]323713%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: criticalROB classification: unclearROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Seo, 2019Seo, 2019 0.61[0.30; 1.23]837224%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: unclearROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 4% 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782830.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782834%NAReynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782834%NAReynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 4 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782834%NAReynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 4 Indication HCQ   - IgA nephropathy  - IgA nephropathy 1.70[0.64; 4.51]5225 -NATang, 2022 1   - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)  - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 0.83[0.58; 1.20]2262580%NAReynolds, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 3 All studiesAll studies 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782834%NAReynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 40.25.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-1.21.10.6030.000Reynolds, 2022Tang, 2022Abd Rahman, 2020Seo, 2019

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.91[0.64; 1.29]2782834%NAReynolds, 2022 Tang, 2022 Abd Rahman, 2020 Seo, 2019 40.510.01.0