Hydroxychloroquine (All indications except Antiphospholipid Syndrom)

Urinary malformations

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13683
R53181		 Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Urinary malformations 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indication HCQ: Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome...) 2.21 [1.26;3.86] 16/2,045   74/21,679 90 2,045
ref
S13651
R52984		 Cooper (controls exposed to TNF-I), 2014 Urinary defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) exposed to other treatment, sick excluded Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome...) 0.29 [0.01;14.62] C
excluded (control group) 		0/194   0/56 0 194
ref
S13652
R53014		 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 Urinary defects 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indication HCQ: Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome...) 0.17 [0.01;3.65] C 0/194   2/171 2 194
ref
Total 2 studies 0.98 [0.10;10.01] 92 2,239
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Huybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021Huybrechts, 2021 1 2.21[1.26; 3.86]902,04568%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014Cooper, 2014 2 0.17[0.01; 3.65]219432%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (2 studies) I2 = 61% 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,2390.05.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

1: Controls unexposed, sick; 2: controls unexposed, sick;

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,23961%NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,23961%NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.17[0.01; 3.65]2194 -NACooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.21[1.26; 3.87]902,045 -NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 1 Indication HCQ   - Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Syst ...  - Rheumatic diseases as a whole (Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome...) 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,23961%NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 All studiesAll studies 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,23961%NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 20.05.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded 13651

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.98[0.10; 10.01]922,23961%NAHuybrechts (Controls unexposed, sick), 2021 Cooper (controls unexposed, sick), 2014 2 exposed to other treatment, sick controlsexposed to other treatment, sick controls Out of scale0.29[0.01; 14.62]-194 -NACooper (controls exposed to TNF-I), 2014 10.510.01.0