Atenolol (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Caesarean

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13911
R54417		 Duan, 2018 Cesarean during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.44 [2.08;2.84] C 309/638   104,203/374,391 104,512 638
ref
S14349
R56786		 Darcie, 2004 Cesarean late pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.25 [0.63;8.07] C 30/40   8/14 38 40
ref
S14298
R56327		 Lydakis, 1999 Emergency Cesarean during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic hypertension indication 4.34 [1.81;10.39] C 23/78   8/91 31 78
ref
Total 3 studies 2.48 [2.13;2.88] 104,581 756
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Duan, 2018Duan, 2018 2.44[2.08; 2.84]104,51263896%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Darcie, 2004Darcie, 2004 2.25[0.63; 8.07]38401%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Lydakis, 1999Lydakis, 1999 4.34[1.81; 10.39]31783%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 2.48[2.13; 2.88]104,5817560.910.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.48[2.13; 2.88]104,5817560%NADuan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.44[2.08; 2.84]104,512638 -NADuan, 2018 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 3.52[1.71; 7.24]691180%NADarcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.48[2.13; 2.88]104,5817560%NADuan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 3 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.43[2.08; 2.84]104,5506780%NADuan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 2   - Only chronic hypertension indication  - Only chronic hypertension indication 4.34[1.81; 10.39]3178 -NALydakis, 1999 1 All studiesAll studies 2.48[2.13; 2.88]104,5817560%NADuan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 30.510.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.44[2.08; 2.84]104,512638 -NADuan, 2018 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 3.52[1.71; 7.24]691180%NADarcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 20.510.01.0

Umbrella review (other published meta-analyses)

Published MAControlPeriodTE95% CIn exposedkI2 Bellos (Cesarean delivery (Randomized control ...Bellos (Cesarean delivery (Randomized controlled trial and Cohort studies)) 3.77[1.27; 11.19]NA-U,Sunexposed, sickAnyduring pregnancy (anytime or not specified)studies TTT-9 metaPregmetaPreg 2.48[2.13; 2.88]0%756----Duan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 Lydakis, 1999 30.510.01.0