Atenolol (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Low Apgar score (< 7) (at 1 min)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S13911
R54411		 Duan, 2018 Low APGAR score (<7) at 1 min during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.89 [1.43;2.52] C 52/638   16,755/374,391 16,807 638
ref
S14363
R56870		 Orbach, 2013 Apgar score <=7 at 1 min 3rd trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, disease free Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.65 [1.52;4.61] 15/107   5,790/97,820 5,805 107
ref
S14349
R56783		 Darcie, 2004 Apgar score (first minute) < 7 late pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 0.67 [0.11;4.11] C 4/40   2/14 6 40
ref
Total 3 studies 2.02 [1.43;2.84] 22,618 785
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Duan, 2018Duan, 2018 1.89[1.43; 2.52]16,80763867%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Orbach, 2013Orbach, 2013 2.65[1.52; 4.61]5,80510729%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Darcie, 2004Darcie, 2004 0.67[0.11; 4.11]6403%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 21% 2.02[1.43; 2.84]22,6187850.210.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.02[1.43; 2.84]22,61878521%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 Darcie, 2004 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 2.05[1.55; 2.72]22,61274510%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.67[0.11; 4.11]640 -NADarcie, 2004 1 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 1.68[0.88; 3.23]16,81367819%NADuan, 2018 Darcie, 2004 2   - Yes  - Yes 2.65[1.52; 4.62]5,805107 -NAOrbach, 2013 1 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.02[1.43; 2.84]22,61878521%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 Darcie, 2004 3 All studiesAll studies 2.02[1.43; 2.84]22,61878521%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 Darcie, 2004 30.210.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 2.05[1.55; 2.72]22,61274510%NADuan, 2018 Orbach, 2013 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.67[0.11; 4.11]640 -NADarcie, 2004 10.510.01.0