Metoprolol (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type  Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17240
R72142
Albertini, 2023 Intrauterine growth restriction (birth weight <10th percentile based on the World Health Organization growth curves for female and male infants) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 2.41 [0.10;57.74] C 2/16   0/7 2 16
ref
S13913
R54438
Duan, 2018 Small for gestational age (birth weight <10th percentile for the corresponding gestational week) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.50 [0.90;2.30] 35/324   32,488/374,391 32,523 324
ref
S14073
R55407
Tanaka, 2016 Fetal growth restriction (considered equivalent to light for gestational age, birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 6.35 [0.95;43.30] 2/12   3/100 5 12
ref
Total 3 studies 1.74 [0.96;3.14] 32,530 352
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Albertini, 2023Albertini, 2023 2.41[0.10; 57.74]2163%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: unclearROB missing: unclearROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Duan, 2018Duan, 2018 1.50[0.90; 2.30]32,52332487%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tanaka, 2016Tanaka, 2016 6.35[0.95; 43.30]5129%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 6% 1.74[0.96; 3.14]32,5303520.520.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 1.74[0.96; 3.14]32,5303526%NAAlbertini, 2023 Duan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.50[0.94; 2.40]32,523324 -NADuan, 2018 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 4.91[0.96; 25.23]7280%NAAlbertini, 2023 Tanaka, 2016 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 2.41[0.10; 57.74]216 -NAAlbertini, 2023 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.27[0.63; 8.13]32,52833652%NADuan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 2 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.50[0.94; 2.40]32,523324 -NADuan, 2018 1   - Only cardiac indications other than ...  - Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 4.91[0.96; 25.23]7280%NAAlbertini, 2023 Tanaka, 2016 2 All studiesAll studies 1.74[0.96; 3.14]32,5303526%NAAlbertini, 2023 Duan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 30.520.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.50[0.94; 2.40]32,523324 -NADuan, 2018 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 4.91[0.96; 25.23]7280%NAAlbertini, 2023 Tanaka, 2016 20.510.01.0