Propranolol (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Small for gestational age (weight)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17129
R71845		 Delteil, 2024 Small for gestational age (weight) at least 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: Only chronic indication (hypertension or cardiac) 1.56 [1.10;2.14] 42/281   13,794/135,159 13,836 281
ref
S13914
R54448		 Duan, 2018 Small for gestational age (birth weight <10th percentile for the corresponding gestational week) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed (general population or NOS) Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 1.30 [0.90;1.90] 50/489   32,488/374,391 32,538 489
ref
S14072
R55402		 Tanaka, 2016 Fetal growth restriction (considered equivalent to light for gestational age, birth weight <10th percentile for gestational age) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: Yes Indications Antihypertensive: Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 18.32 [4.35;77.32] 8/22   3/100 11 22
ref
S14296
R56321		 Lieberman, 1978 Birth weight below the fifth centile (according to raw data, it corresponds to SGA rather LBW) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No Indications Antihypertensive: All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 9.63 [1.38;67.25] C 7/9   4/15 11 9
ref
Total 4 studies 2.63 [1.25;5.52] 46,396 801
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Delteil, 2024Delteil, 2024 1.56[1.10; 2.14]13,83628137%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: moderateROB missing: lowROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Duan, 2018Duan, 2018 1.30[0.90; 1.90]32,53848936%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Tanaka, 2016Tanaka, 2016 18.32[4.35; 77.32]112216%ROB confusion: seriousROB selection: criticalROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Lieberman, 1978Lieberman, 1978 9.63[1.38; 67.25]11911%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: unclearROB missing: lowROB mesure: unclearROB reporting: moderate Total (4 studies) I2 = 81% 2.63[1.25; 5.52]46,3968010.550.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 2.63[1.25; 5.52]46,39680181%NADelteil, 2024 Duan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 Lieberman, 1978 4 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.44[1.12; 1.85]46,3747700%NADelteil, 2024 Duan, 2018 2 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 14.59[4.59; 46.37]22310%NATanaka, 2016 Lieberman, 1978 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 9.63[1.38; 67.25]119 -NALieberman, 1978 1   - Yes  - Yes 2.18[1.05; 4.55]46,38579284%NADelteil, 2024 Duan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 3 Indications Antihypertensive   - All hypertensions, any indications ...  - All hypertensions, any indications or not specified 2.79[0.41; 18.79]32,54949875%NADuan, 2018 Lieberman, 1978 2   - Only cardiac indications other than ...  - Only cardiac indications other than hypertension (long QT syndrome, structural heart disease, ...) 18.32[4.35; 77.24]1122 -NATanaka, 2016 1   - Only chronic indication (hypertensi ...  - Only chronic indication (hypertension or cardiac) 1.56[1.12; 2.18]13,836281 -NADelteil, 2024 1 All studiesAll studies 2.63[1.25; 5.52]46,39680181%NADelteil, 2024 Duan, 2018 Tanaka, 2016 Lieberman, 1978 40.550.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot
0.0-3.53.51.1900.000Delteil, 2024Duan, 2018Tanaka, 2016Lieberman, 1978

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot
0.01.00.01.0

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.44[1.12; 1.85]46,3747700%NADelteil, 2024 Duan, 2018 2 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls Out of scale14.59[4.59; 46.37]22310%NATanaka, 2016 Lieberman, 1978 20.510.01.0