Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed) - Medication and Pregnancy KB

Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

All congenital malformations (majors, minors, majors and minors, or unspecified)

R analysis

id	Study	Lib. in paper	Exposition period	Study type All studies Case control excluded Only case control	Control type	Tags	OR 95%CI	x1/n1 x0/n0	no cases	no exposed	ROB	Ref.
S17249 R72196	Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024	Congenital anomalies (NOS)	during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) excluded	retrospective cohort	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: No	0.21 [0.03;1.39] ^C excluded (exposition period)	2/55 3/20	5	55		ref
S13934 R56301	Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021	Congenital anomaly (Q00–Q99 excluding codes of minor congenital anomaly)	1st trimester	retrospective cohort (claims database)	unexposed, sick	Adjustment: Yes	1.34 [0.36;5.02]	3/31 47/735	50	31		ref
S14054 R56302	Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018	Major Malformations	throughout pregnancy	prospective cohort	unexposed, disease free	Adjustment: No	0.71 [0.04;13.34] ^C	0/22 5/174	5	22		ref
					Total	2 studies	1.20 [0.36;4.01]		55	53
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; ^C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

Sensitivity analysis

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded