Beta-blockers (Ocular route only) (versus unexposed) updated on 12-17-2024

Preterm (< 37 weeks)

R analysis
id Study   Lib. in paper Exposition period    Study type 
 Control type 
 
Tags OR 95%CI x1/n1 x0/n0 no cases no exposed ROB Ref.
S17249
R72190		 Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Pre-term birth (prior to 37 weeks) during pregnancy (anytime or not specified) retrospective cohort unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.68 [0.11;4.11] C 4/48   2/17 6 48
ref
S13934
R55576		 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks) 1st trimester retrospective cohort (claims database) unexposed, sick Adjustment: No 0.34 [0.02;5.74] C 0/31   33/735 33 31
ref
S14054
R55583		 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 Preterm birth (<37 weeks) throughout pregnancy prospective cohort unexposed, disease free Adjustment: No 1.04 [0.12;8.82] C 1/24   7/174 8 24
ref
Total 3 studies 0.69 [0.20;2.36] 47 103
x1: number of endpoints among exposed, n1: number of exposed; x0: number of endpoints among non exposed, n0: number of non exposed; C: calculated odds ratio from numbers of events and effectives

Forest plot

StudyTE95% CIn casesn exposedweightROBABCDEF Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024Kaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 0.68[0.11; 4.11]64847%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: unclearROB classification: criticalROB missing: lowROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 0.34[0.02; 5.74]333119%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: lowROB classification: criticalROB missing: unclearROB mesure: moderateROB reporting: moderate Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 1.04[0.12; 8.82]82433%ROB confusion: criticalROB selection: moderateROB classification: moderateROB missing: unclearROB mesure: criticalROB reporting: moderate Total (3 studies) I2 = 0% 0.69[0.20; 2.36]471030.25.01.0ROB: A: confusion, B: selection, C: classification, D: missing, E: measurement, F: reportinglow,moderate,serious,critical,unclear,

Sensitivity analysis

SubsetTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2 Type of studies cohort studiescohort studies 0.69[0.20; 2.36]471030%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 3 case control studiescase control studies 0 Type of controls unexposed (disease free or unspecified)unexposed (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.12; 8.82]824 -NAPellegrino - Timolol, 2018 1 unexposed, sickunexposed, sick 0.56[0.12; 2.54]39790%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 2 Tags Adjustment   - No  - No 0.69[0.20; 2.36]471030%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 3 All studiesAll studies 0.69[0.20; 2.36]471030%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 Pellegrino - Timolol, 2018 30.15.01.0

Publication bias and p-hacking diagnosis

funnel plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Asymetry test p-value = NaN (by Egger's regression)

not enought points

p values plot

Funnel plot not drawn. Less than 3 points.

Sub-groups analysis using all included studies

excluded

Sub-groupsTE95% CIn casesn exposedkI2ROB type of controls unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified)unexposed controls (disease free or unspecified) 1.04[0.12; 8.82]824 -NAPellegrino - Timolol, 2018 1 unexposed, sick controlsunexposed, sick controls 0.56[0.12; 2.54]39790%NAKaufman - Beta-blockers, 2024 Hashimoto - Beta-blockers, 2021 20.510.01.0